発表論文

Neighborhood sustainability assessment in action: Cross-evaluation of three assessment systems and their cases from the US, the UK, and Japan

著者
Sharifi A., Murayama A.
雑誌名
Building and Environment, 72, 2014, 243-258
DOI
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概要
As the building blocks of cities, neighborhoods play a major role in helping to achieve global sustainability. In the past decade, several assessment tools worldwide have been developed to evaluate the effectiveness of the increasing number of neighborhood (re)development plans. While there is a plethora of research investigating various aspects of building assessment tools, until now little studies have looked at the empirical aspects of neighborhood sustainability assessment. To address this lacuna in literature, this study explores the uptake of sustainability criteria in projects certified under neighborhood sustainability assessment tools. In addition, it examines three cases from the US, the UK, and Japan that have been highly ranked under LEED-ND, BREEAM Communities, and CASBEE-UD, respectively. This is done through investigating compliance of each case with the principles of sustainable development. Furthermore, a series of comparative case studies are undertaken to evaluate each case using assessment tools other than the ones that have, in reality, been used for certifying the selected developments. In addition to highlighting strengths and weaknesses of each development, results show that social, economic, and institutional aspects are not adequately accounted for in theory and practice. Practice of neighborhood sustainability assessment is, to a large extent, market-driven and characterized by the dominance of the environmental aspects of sustainability. Also, results indicate that assessment tools can co-evolve through learning from their successes and failures. Results of this study can be used for optimizing the assessment tools.

本研究では、近隣街区の持続可能性評価の実態を理解し、評価ツールの特徴を明らかにするために、建築物の総合的な環境性能を評価する指標であるLEED-ND(米国)、BREEAM Communities(英国)、CASBEE-UD(日本)においてそれぞれ高く評価された3つの事例の分析を行った。分析対象として選定したのは、Hoyt Yards(ポートランド都心部のPearl Districtに位置するブラウンフィールド再開発事業;LEED-NDのプラチナ評価を獲得)、MediaCityUK(マンチェスター造船所跡地を再整備する大規模事業の一部;BREEAM CommunitiesのExcellent評価を獲得)、越谷レイクタウン(CASBEE-UDのExcellent評価を獲得)である。本分析により、評価の実践では、例えば越谷レイクタウンの例では、公共スペースが偏在するなどの短所が明らかになり、さまざまな評価の軸が必要になることがわかった。